The Duality of Time Theory

As we have introduced in section 6.5, observations of distant Type Ia supernovae, and the data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large galaxy redshift surveys, all show that the expansion rate of the Universe has been accelerating it was about half its present age. To explain this acceleration, General Relativity requires that much of the energy in the Universe consists of a component with large negative pressure. This energy is called dark because it does not cluster in the usual way.

Negative pressure is believed to be a property of vacuum energy, but the exact nature and existence of dark energy remains one of the great mysteries of the Big Bang. Results from the WMAP team in 2008 are in accordance with a Universe that consists of 73% dark energy, 23% dark matter, 4.6% regular matter and less than 1% neutrinos.

Most suggestions explain the dark energy to be in the form of quintessence, which is related to the cosmological constant problem that we shall discuss in section 9.21. As we mentioned in section 9.19, the Duality of Time suggest that this energy come from thespace-time structure that is the complementary part of the normal physical particles. When these two complementary realms meet, they form together absolute symmetrical space, without any matter clustering. This means thatis balancing the effect of gravity of normal matter, but this will be discussed further in chapter VII.