The Duality of Time Theory

The Planck scale is an essential part of the mathematical formulation of Quantum Mechanics. It is widely believed that the quantization of space is based on Planck length that makes up the fabric of the Universe. The Planck length is, which corresponds to Planck energy:and Planck time.

The Planck length is believed to be the shortest meaningful length, or the limiting distance below which the very notions of space and length cease to exist. Some researchers have suggested the existence of a fundamental particle with mass equivalent or close to Planck energy. Therefore, this particle would be enormous compared even to the Higgs particle, so it could form a micro black hole. It is not yet known whether such particles exist or have existed in the Planck scale.

In the Duality of Time Theory, since space is dynamically created in the inner levels of time, length and all other dimensions in general, are relative. So, although space and time are granular, there is no lower limits on how small they can be divided, but the ratio of space over time is always the speed of light, which is also related to the number of dimensions.

The real three-dimensional space is actually an abstract intellectual construct that is symmetrical in all directions, while actual physical objects, since they have various imperfect symmetrical features, are always less than three-dimensional, but they are also more than two-dimensional, because they are not perfectly flat. When we describe physical objects as three-dimensional, this actually means that they are enclosed within the three dimensions, i.e. their dimensions are less than three. Therefore, all corporeal and incorporeal space-time structures are best treated as fractals rather than whole-integers dimensions, as we shall explain by the end of chapter VII.