5.3.1  Locality and the Speed of Light

It is quite obvious from the above description of the inward level of time that there is a terminal cosmological velocity, which is effectively the speed of creation or the refresh rate of re-creation. This gives rise to Relativity because this velocity is independent of all observers, while also allowing instantaneous nonlocal physical change, and not only transfer of information, because there is no real continuous motion, but it is always re-creation in the new place which could be at the other end of the Universe right in the following instance, as it usually happens with the two entangled EPR particles, or in quantum tunneling.

On the other hand, because the re-creation does not deliver any new contents; rather, it only may change some of the different states of existing space and matter, this means that the whole Universe is like a global manifold standing wave, or a closed system of quantized excitations, where any perturbation at a particular location will cause subsequent coherent synchronization in other locations. This is usually expressed through the laws of conservation, of energy and momentum for example, that are normally applied only in local or connected space-time. With this novel view of re-creation, the conservation laws can be applied in any isolated system, but the isolation is not necessarily by direct connected spatial proximity, rather: it is by either spatial and temporal entanglement. This also means that causality itself can now be logically explained in a way that is not directly related to space or even time; i.e. it allows non-local and even non-temporal interactions.

Naturally, the constituents of solid objects are closely entangled, so in ordinary macroscopic situations, the perturbation causes gradual or smooth, but still discrete, motion or change; because of the vast number of neighboring points, so the effect of any perturbation will be limited to adjacent particles and will decease very quickly after short distance, when energy is consumed. This kind of apparent motion is limited by the speed of light, because the change appears to be propagating through continuous space.

In the special case when a small closed system is isolated as a small part of the Universe, and this isolation is not necessarily local spatial isolation, as it is the case of the two entangled particles in the EPR, then the effect of any perturbation will appear almost-instantaneous because it will be transferred only through a small number of points, irrespective of their positions in space, or through time.

Furthermore, when the observer or gauge is part of such a small closed system, it will have a significant effect on determining the state into which the wave-function of this system will collapse. In normal macroscopic situations, the effect of the observer is not noticeable for the very same reason that enforces the speed of light limit, i.e. it is dissipated over a large number of points that are normally locally isolated. So in the macroscopic situations the effect of observers or measurements will be limited only through physical forces, but in small isolated or entangled systems, consciousness may have a considerable effect on the outcome of the collapse of wave function.

If the perpetual creative process of re-creation is conceptually “stopped” and taken in isolation, it will form a still picture of things around us, or a single frame of space that is created in one instance of time, as shown in Figure 5.1. In each following instance, this frame of space, with all its elements, will be re-created with possible slight changes that may occur at various positions. Therefore, the dynamic manifest Universe is the instantaneous and continuously renewed succession of these slightly changing frames. Motion, therefore, is observed because things may successively appear in different places, but in reality there is no actual infinitesimally gradual motion, or transmutation, rather: the observed objects are always at rest in the different positions that they appear in.

It follows, therefore, that measuring velocity as distance per time is only a macroscopic approximation that works just fine in everyday life, where the system is the whole world itself, or a significant part of it. This approximation can produce a huge error when applied on microscopic scales or when the system is very small, not in terms of volume but in terms of the number of particles even if they are largely separated in space, or even in time, i.e. when they are entangled. This is the reason why Quantum Theories are successful in this domain, while Relativity fails. Therefore, Relativity is a macroscopic approximation of Quantum Mechanics, and the opposite is not true.

In Quantum Mechanics we start with the wave function that describes the state of the whole system, and any perturbation will cause subsequent synchronization in the following instance of re-creation. Hence, nonlocal interactions can naturally happen when the system is very small, even when it is spread over different regions of space or time, because the change is limited by the conservation laws rather than distance. The effect of distance prevails in large systems because energy dissipates quickly over the large number of points when they are spatially connected, i.e. in an apparently continuous local region of space.

Therefore, microscopic isolated systems will always exhibit quantum interactions as a result of the laws of conservation. The EPR is one experiment that is able to demonstrate this nonlocal interaction in the case of two entangled particles that are spread over large distance. Another, kind of such weird quantum interaction is the single particle interference which can be explained in terms of temporal entanglement or coherence as a small isolated system that is spread over time. In both cases the effect can only be logically explained because the particles are simultaneously connected through the Single Monad that is their sole mutual source, as it is explained further in chapter VI.

In conclusion, the change is always limited by the speed of light, or the re-creation frequency. This universal constant frequency of becoming into existence is the speed of causality, and it can never be exceeded. In large systems the change occurs through smooth motion on which we can apply the laws of mechanics, i.e. velocity equals distance per time, in which case the universal frequency of re-creation is the same universal speed of light in vacuum. In small systems we can speak of frequency but not velocity, in the common sense as distance per time, because the re-creation in this case may cause nonlocal changes that are different from normal continuous motion. As an example we can consider quantum tunneling and the orbital jumping of an electron between the different energy levels in the atom, which cannot be studied in classical mechanics, i.e. we cannot speak of its velocity between the orbitals, because it does not exist “between”!