5.4  The Five Fundamental Interactions

In Figure 5.1, space is shown conventionally in two dimensions, where each plane of space forms one single instance in the outward time. In reality, we can conceive of at least five levels or dimensions of time:,,,and, where each level is nested inside the higher dimension, and all are nested inside the outward normal time dimension. Because of the various degrees of freedom, the interactions are different from one level to the other, so in total we have five fundamental forces: magnetic, electric, strong, weak, and gravity, respectively corresponding to the five levels of time.

Although the metaphysicalis the building block, which is the quanta of space-time geometry, it does not exist alone on the multiplicity level where all the physical phenomena are eventually observed, so this is the magnetic monopole that exists everywhere but cannot be isolated because it is always coupled in higher dimensions. Its first level of physical manifestation is the electromagnetic force, then the weak nuclear force, and so on.

This can potentially explain the relative strength of these forces and why gravity is very weak, since it is exhausted in the volume. Moreover, this can open the door for converting magnetism into other forces including gravity, which will be naturally quantized, because they all emerge from the actual linear flow of time. This issue requires further investigation beyond this general introductory book.

The interactions in each of these five levels of time is carried by a corresponding force, which is accompanied by interaction constant and charge. As far as gravity is concerned, its interaction charge is mass which is the property of particles in, where at least eight points of space quanta are coupled. There is no difference between active mass and passive mass, since each one produces gravity that acts on the other. Masses, and hence gravity, and even space itself, are a result of coupling between simple monads, whose spins are integers, but their coupling produces the fermions with spin half.

The reason why fermions have mass and need to occupy space is simply because they are composed of a number of monads who by definition cannot coexist at the same instant of the inner time or space moments, as shown in Figure 5.1, whereas bosons are composed of temporal moments of the outward level of time, and that is what makes them force carriers.

In this sense, the graviton is the moment of normal time itself which connects twopoints, whereas the photon is an electromagnetic wave in, and so on each boson conveys the interaction between two fermions in the lower dimension.

Additionally, as it is the case with gravity, the equivalence principle can also be applied to other forces in their corresponding level, so they are also expected to be expressed in terms of the space-time geometry in their own dimensions. This of course requires more detailed study that could be the subject of further research.

However, we shall see in the coming two chapters, that the Duality of Time does not only explain all fundamental interactions between physical particles in terms of its complex-time geometry, but it also extends that into all other incorporeal realms, including the psychical and spiritual worlds, with their various structures and creations, such as Jinns and Angels.