5.1  The Duality of Time Postulate

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Based on Ibn al-Arabi’s eccentric conception of dynamic re-creation, there are two main levels of time that are intertwined and circulated in the various ways as explained in chapter IV. According to this innovative view of time we can postulate the following hypothesis:

•At every instance of the outward normal level of time, space and matter are perpetually being re-created in one linear chronological sequence, which forms the inward levels of time that are also nested inside each lower dimension of space.

This means that at every instance of the real flow of time there is only one metaphysical point, that is the unit of space-time geometry, and the Universe is a result of its perpetual recurrence in the inner level(s) of time, which is continuously and perpetually re-creating the dimensions of space and what it may contain of matter particle, which then kinetically evolve throughout the outer normal level of time that we encounter. This also includes all incorporeal creation that we shall discuss in chapter VI.

With regard to observers who are habitually living in the normal level of time, the process of re-creation is instantaneous, since it is performed by a massless metaphysical point, that is always moving at the speed of light, which is the only real speed in nature. Mass, energy and other physical properties, including velocity, acceleration and even the dimensions of matter and space, are only observable on the outward (imaginary) level of time, as a result of the temporal coupling between at least two metaphysical points or instances.

This metaphysical entity, that forms the unit of space-time geometry, is the Single Monad that we described in chapter IV, and the discrete points of space are its temporal forms or individual temporary monads that occur through its perpetual recurrence in the inner levels of time which is dynamically creating the physical multiplicity, that then evolve on the outer level.

As Niels Bohr had remarkably anticipated, the wave-particle duality is a metaphysical fact of nature. This metaphysical fact is the Single Monad, and the essential underlying principle in this model is that no two entities can ever co-exist together in a real single instance of time, so multiplicity can only emerge by sequential production through its inner levels.

This can even be proved with simple logic, as follows:

We can conceive of seven different instances of space: “up”, “right”, “front”, “here’, “down”, “left”, and “back”. The observer who is at a particular instance of space, denoted as “here”, cannot realize any of the other six instances without moving through time, even in bare abstract thinking or imagination. So, with regard to the observer, what actually exists of space at every instance of time is only “here”. Time, on the other hand, is made from three different instances: the “future”, “now” and the “past”. The “future” does not yet exist at the present moment, which is denoted by “now”, and the “past” has already ceased. Therefore, what exists “here” is all what exists at the moment for any particular observer, and this is not physical because it has no extension in space or time, i.e. it has no dimensions. Dimensions and all other physical properties are a consequence of the recurrence of this metaphysical reality that exists alone at every single real instance of time, and it is only multiplied with the flow of the inner level of time, creating space and matter, which then evolve over the outer time dimension.

One possible objection to this simple logic is that we can actually “see” multiple things around us at the same single instance of time when we open our eyes. This is easily refuted because, even in thought, without any physical movement, one needs at least three moments to conceive of two different things and their possible relation to each other, but because time is extremely fast the whole picture is viewed as though it is happening in one instance. Moreover, what is actually perceived when we “see” multiple things is light, as the image of those physical things, and not the physical things themselves, and according to Relativity: light itself does not encounter time or distance; that is why the image of multiple things reach the observer at once even though they are created at different instances with relation to each other.

We must stress, however, that the Single Monad Model does not deny the objectivity of physical things, but it concludes that they are produced by the sequential multiplication over the inner dimension of time. Being part of this physical multiplicity that we describe as the Universe, the other parts are as objective as ourselves, but we cannot conceive of them without the flow of time. The Universe becomes nonobjective only if we suppose we are watching from outside, in which case it would appear as one changeless geometrical point, as a singularity or a black hole.

It will be shown in section 3 how this single postulate leads at the time to all the three principles of Special and General Relativity together, as well as Quantum Field Theory, including the first and second quantization, of energy and fields, and hence this “third quantization” of space-time itself, which will eliminate all kinds of infinities that are normally encountered in the current background continuum models, due to singularities in the ill-defined geometry.

Furthermore, as we shall see is section 2, since empty space is the aether itself that is the ground state of matter particles, it will intrinsically contribute to mass and energy in the Universe, which might account for its dark side, but because it is created in chronological sequence the vacuum energy should be calculated from the average of all ground states, and not their collective summation as it is currently treated in quantum field theories. This key insight provides the ultimate solution to the vacuum catastrophe or the cosmological constant problem Weinberg (1989), as we have noted in chapter IV.

This sequential creation can also solve many other major problems in physics and cosmology, as we have briefly reviewed them in chapter III. The homogeneity problem, for example, will instantly cease, since the Universe, no matter how large it could be, is re-created sequentially in the inner time, so all the states are updated and synchronized before they appear in the outer level of time.

Actually, the Duality of Time Postulate is capable of explaining the most fundamental philosophical observations, because the basic principle of causality becomes a consequence of sequential re-creation. Therefore, without breaking the speed of light limit, this sequential re-creation can explain non-locality and various other critical quantum mechanical issues, that will be investigated further in chapter VI.

More generally, this innovative model of sequential re-creation by the Single Monad can provide the first rational reasoning of the wave-particle duality, and explain other related essential observations and quantum mechanical concepts, such as uncertainty, the measurement problem or the effect of observers and consciousness, as well as the reality of wave function and its collapse. Some of these critical issues will be discussed in chapter VI, but it suffices to mention here that the ontological reason behind uncertainty, which is the source of all quantum phenomena, is the fact that, at every instance of the real flow of time, there is only one active (metaphysical) monad that is moving at the speed of light, while the rest have already collapsed into passive sates. Therefore, the final eigenstate of a particle or object is defined only after the last active monad collapses, thus its position becomes instantly defined after it was uncertain because it was moving at the speed of light (see also Figure 5.1). Therefore, uncertainty is inversely proportional to the number of monads that constitute the particle, and that is why small objects or particles, which are made of a small number of monads, suffer greater uncertainty.

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