DUALITY OF TIME:

Complex-Time Geometry and Perpetual Creation of Space

by Mohamed Haj Yousef

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3.9.8  Magnetic Monopoles

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In 1931, Dirac showed that if any magnetic monopoles exist in the Universe, then electric charge must be quantized. The problem is that although electric charge is in fact quantized, no magnetic monopoles were ever found. Later developments in Grand Unification and Quantum Gravity theories have also led to more compelling arguments that monopoles do in fact exist, but some models suggest that they are unlikely to be observed because they are too massive to be created in particle accelerators, and also too rare in the Universe to enter a particle detector with much probability.

Magnetic monopoles should carry a “magnetic charge” just like some particles carry the quanta of electric charge. As we have noted in section 6.3, it is believed that cosmic inflation theory solves this problem because it removes point defects from the observable Universe, in the same way that it drives the geometry to flatness. Since the Universe initially expanded at high exponential rate, so these massive monopoles became as rare as one per cosmic horizon.

According to the Duality of Time, the dynamic universe is the succession of instantaneous discrete frames of space, that extend in the outward secondary level of time that we normally encounter, but each frame is created chronologically within the inward primary level of the real flow of time. Because of the various degrees of freedom, the interactions are different from one level to the other, so in total we have five different fundamental forces: magnetic, electric, strong, weak, and gravity, respectively corresponding to the five levels of time:,,,and, where each level is nested inside the higher dimension, and all are nested inside the outward normal time dimension.

Although the metaphysicalis the building block of space-time geometry, it does not exist alone on the multiplicity level where all the physical phenomena are eventually observed, so this is the magnetic monopole that exists everywhere but cannot be isolated because it is always coupled in higher dimensions. Its first level of physical manifestation is the electromagnetic force, then the weak nuclear force, and so on.

This can potentially explain the relative strength of these fundamental forces and why gravity is very weak, since it is exhausted in the volume. Moreover, this can open the door for converting magnetism into other forces including gravity, which will be naturally quantized, because they all emerge from the actual linear flow of time.

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